The prevalence of post-term pregnancy and its associated factors at Adama Hospital Medical College, Adama, Ethiopia
##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.sidebar##
##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.main##
Abstract
Background: Pregnancy that extend to or beyond 42 completed weeks of gestation is defined as a post-term pregnancy. Post-term pregnancies are associated with increased risk of fetal, neonatal and maternal mortality and morbidity. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of post-term pregnancy and its associated factors.
Methods: Institutional based cross sectional study was conducted on 328 laboring women at Adama Hospital Medical College, Southeast Ethiopia. The study partcipants were selected by systematic random sampling technique. Data entry was made by Epi- info 7 and SPSS version 20 was used for analysis. Descriptive & analytical statistics were performed. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify factors associated with post-term pregnancy (P < 0.05).
Results: The prevalence of post-term pregnancy was 13.7% (95% confidence interval (CI) 10.1 – 18.2%). Previous history of post-term pregnancy (AOR = 7.94; 95% CI: 1.70 - 37.10), family history of post-term pregnancy (AOR = 5.51; 95% CI: 1.08 - 28.02), and having a male fetus (AOR = 2,62; 95% CI: 1.07 - 6.39) were significantly increased the risk of post-term pregnancy. Induction of labor (AOR = 7.35; 95% CI: 3.15 - 17.16), operative vaginal delivery (AOR = 7.06; 95% CI: 1.72 - 29.00), low 5th minute APGAR score (AOR = 4.24; 95% CI: 1.06 - 12.84), and Neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admission rate (AOR = 3.59; 95% CI: 1.01 - 12.84) were significantly associated with post-term pregnancy.
Conclusions: The prevalence of post-term pregnancy was higher in the study area. Previous history of post-term pregnancy, family history of post-term pregnancy, having a male fetus, induction of labor, operative vaginal delivery, low 5th minute APGAR score, and NICU admission rate were significantly associated with post-term pregnancy.
Key words: Adama, Ethiopia, Post-term pregnancy, Gestational age.
##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.details##
##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.details##
Adama, Ethiopia, Post-term pregnancy, Gestational age
1. ACOG P. Management of postterm pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol. 2004;55:639-45.
2. Zeitlin J, Blondel B, Alexander S, Breart G, group P. Variation in rates of postterm birth in Europe: reality or artefact? BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology. 2007;114(9):1097-103.
3. Caughey AB, Stotland NE, Washington AE, Escobar GJ. Who is at risk for prolonged and postterm pregnancy? American journal of obstetrics and gynecology. 2009;200(6):683. e1-. e5.
4. Collins JW, Schulte NF, George L, Drolet A. Postterm delivery among African Americans, Mexican Americans and Whites in Chicago. Ethnicity & disease. 2001;11(2):181-7.
5. Bennett KA, Crane JM, O'shea P, Lacelle J, Hutchens D, Copel JA. First trimester ultrasound screening is effective in reducing postterm labor induction rates: a randomized controlled trial. American journal of obstetrics and gynecology. 2004;190(4):1077-81.
6. GÜMÜŞ İİ, KAMALAK Z, TURHAN NÖ. Prolonged Pregnancies: Approaches in Clinical Management.
7. Laursen M, Bille C, Olesen AW, Hjelmborg J, Skytthe A, Christensen K. Genetic influence on prolonged gestation: a population-based Danish twin study. American journal of obstetrics and gynecology. 2004;190(2):489-94.
8. Mogren I, Stenlund H, Högberg U. Recurrence of prolonged pregnancy. International journal of epidemiology. 1999;28(2):253-7.
9. Olesen AW, Basso O, Olsen J. Risk of recurrence of prolonged pregnancy. Bmj. 2003;326(7387):476.
10. Stotland NE, Washington AE, Caughey AB. Prepregnancy body mass index and the length of gestation at term. American journal of obstetrics and gynecology. 2007;197(4):378. e1-. e5.
11. Divon MY, Ferber A, Nisell H, Westgren M. Male gender predisposes to prolongation of pregnancy. American journal of obstetrics and gynecology. 2002;187(4):1081-3.
12. Kitlinski Laczna M, Källén K, Marsal K, Olofsson P. Skewed fetal gender distribution in prolonged pregnancy: a fallacy with consequences. Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology: The Official Journal of the International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2003;21(3):262-6.
13. Galal M, Symonds I, Murray H, Petraglia F, Smith R. Postterm pregnancy. Facts, views & vision in ObGyn. 2012;4(3):175.
14. Heimstad R. Post-term pregnancy: Det medisinske fakultet; 2007.
15. Alexander JM, McIntire DD, Leveno KJ. Forty weeks and beyond: pregnancy outcomes by week of gestation. Obstetrics & Gynecology. 2000;96(2):291-4.
16. Gaym A, Tadesse E. Post term pregnancy at teaching hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Ethiopian medical journal. 2006;44(4):313-9.
17. Matijeviæ R. Outcome of Post-Term pregnancy: Amatched-Pair case control study. Coration Medical Journal. 1998;39(4):55-61.
18. Mengesha HG, Lerebo WT, Kidanemariam A, Gebrezgiabher G, Berhane Y. Pre-term and post-term births: predictors and implications on neonatal mortality in Northern Ethiopia. BMC nursing. 2016;15(1):1-11.
19. Kistka ZA-F, Palomar L, Boslaugh SE, DeBaun MR, DeFranco EA, Muglia LJ. Risk for postterm delivery after previous postterm delivery. American journal of obstetrics and gynecology. 2007;196(3):241. e1-. e6.
20. Lie RT, Wilcox AJ, Skjærven R. Maternal and paternal influences on length of pregnancy. Obstetrics & Gynecology. 2006;107(4):880-5.
21. Fisseha S. Outcomes of Post-Term Pregnancy: Case Control Study in the Three AAU Teaching Hospitals (TAH, GMH and ZMH) 2014: Addis Ababa University; 2014.
22. Rand L, Robinson JN, Economy KE, Norwitz ER. Post-term induction of labor revisited. Obstetrics & Gynecology. 2000;96(5):779-83.
23. Treger M, Hallak M, Silberstein T, Friger M, Katz M, Mazor M. Post-term pregnancy: should induction of labor be considered before 42 weeks? The Journal of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine. 2002;11(1):50-3.