##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.main##

Kabtamu Tolosie Gergiso Mulugeta Shegaze Shimbre Tesfaye Feleke Gadore Sultan Hussen Hebo

Abstract

Introduction: Pregnancy is a happy event for women when it is intended. Instead, an unintended pregnancy leads the mother to unhealthy behaviors which in turn causes maternal mortality and morbidity. But limited evidence exists on the effects of unintended pregnancy on maternal behaviors during pregnancy in Ethiopia particularly in the study area. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the effect of pregnancy intention on maternal behaviors during pregnancy among pregnant women in Gamo-Goffa Zone, Southern Ethiopia.


Methods: Community-based cross-sectional study design employed in Gamo-Goffa Zone from March, 13 to April 13, 2017. Using multi-stage stratified sampling technique 770 pregnant women were selected and enrolled in the study. The logistic regression was performed to identify the independent effect of pregnancy intention on maternal behaviors.


Results: More than one-third (36.2%) study participants experienced an unintended pregnancy. Women with unintended pregnancy were 69% times less likely to receive antenatal care (AOR = 0.31, 95% CI (0.21 – 0.46)); four times more likely to initiation antenatal care late (AOR = 4.40, 95% CI (1.70 – 11.40)) and three times more likely to use the substance (AOR = 3.01, 95% CI (1.81 – 5.02)) during pregnancy.


Conclusion: Women with unintended pregnancy are less likely to receive recommended antenatal care and more likely to engage in risky behaviors. Therefore, besides promotion on the utilization of effective contraception to prevent unintended pregnancy, behavioral change communications directed toward increasing utilization of antenatal care and minimization of risky behaviors are recommended to attain healthy behaviors during any type of pregnancy.

##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.details##

##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.details##

Keywords

Unintended pregnancy, Maternal behavior, Antenatal care, Substance use

References
1. Santelli B, Rochat R, Hatfield K, Gilbert C, Curtis K, Cabral R, et al. The Measurement and Meaning of Unintended Pregnancy. Perspect Sex Reprod Health. 2003;35(3):94–101.
2. Sedgh G, Singh S, Hussain R. Intended and Unintended Pregnancies Worldwide in 2012 and Recent Trends: Studies in Family Planning. Stud Fam Plann. 2014;45(3):301–14.
3. Guttmacher Institute. Induced Abortion and Postabortion Care in Ethiopia. 2016.
4. PMA-2020. Key Family Planning Indicators. Jhons Hopkins Bloom Sch Public Heal. 2014.
5. WHO. Unsafe Abortion: Global and Regional Estimates of the Incidence of Unsafe Abortion and Associated Mortality in 2008. Sixth edition. Geneva. 2011.
6. Karim A. Reproductive health, including adolescent repro- ductive health: Progress and challenges in Asia and the Pacific. Asia-Pacific Popul J. 2009;24(1):153–96.
7. Khajehpour M, Simbar M, Jannesari S, Ramezani-tehrani F, Majd HA. Health status of women with intended and unintended pregnancies. Public Health. Elsevier Ltd; 2012;127(1):58–64.
8. Wado Y, Afework M, Hindin M. Unintended pregnancies and the use of maternal health services in southwestern Ethiopia. BMC Int Health Hum Rights. 2013;13(36):1–8.
9. Wado Y, Afework M, Hindin M. The effects of pregnancy intention on the use of antenatal care services : systematic review and meta-analysis. Reprod Health. 2013;10(50).
10. Cheng D, Schwarz E, Douglas E, Horon I. Unintended pregnancy and associated maternal preconception, prenatal and postpartum behaviors. Contraception. 2009;79(3):194–8.
11. Gipson J, Koenig M, Hindin M. The Effects of Unintended Pregnancy on Infant , Child , and Parental Health : A Review of the Literature. Stud Fam Plann. 2008;39(1):18–38.
12. Gamo-Goffa Zone health departement. Gamo-Goffa Zone Health departement: Annual report. 2016.
13. Teshome F, Hailu A, Teklehaymanot A. Prevalence of unintended pregnancy and associated factors among married pregnant women in Ganji woreda , west Wollega Oromia region , Ethiopia. Sci J Public Heal. 2014;2(2):92–101.
14. Getachew F. Level of Unintended Pregnancy and its Associated Factors among Currently Pregnant Women in Duguna Fango Wolaita Zone, Southern Ethiopia. Malaysian J Med Biol Res. 2015;2(2):75–88.
15. CSA and ICF. Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey Key Indicators Report. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, and Rockville, Maryland, USA. CSA and ICF. 2016. 1-59.
16. Shiadeh M, Kariman N, Bakhtiari M, Mansouri S. Unwanted Pregnancy and Its Risk Factors Among PregnantWomen in Tehran, Iran. 2016.
17. Amo-adjei J, Tuoyire D. Effects of planned , mistimed and unwanted pregnancies on the use of prenatal health services in sub-Saharan Africa : a multicountry analysis of Demographic and Health Survey data. 2016;21(12):1552–61.
18. Ochako R, Gichuhi W. Pregnancy wantedness , frequency and timing of antenatal care visit among women of childbearing age in Kenya. Reprod Health. 2016;1–8.
19. Rutstein S. The DHS wealth index. Calverton, Maryland: ORC Macro; 2004.
20. Parkhurst J, Penn-Kekana L, Blaauw D, Balabanova D, Rahman S et al: Health systems factors influencing maternal health services: a four-country comparison. Health Policy. 2005;73(2):127–38.
21. Berglund A, Ekstrand M, Stern J, Joelsson L, En TTYD, Hegaard H, et al. Is pregnancy planning associated with background characteristics and pregnancy-planning behavior ? 2016;95:182–9.
22. Dott M, Rasmussen S, Hogue C. Association Between Pregnancy Intention and Reproductive- health Related Behaviors Before and After Pregnancy Recognition , National Birth Defects Prevention Study , 1997 – 2002. Matern Child Heal J. 2010;14:373–81.
23. Terplan M, Cheng D, Chisolm M. The relationship between pregnancy intention and alcohol use behavior : An analysis of PRAMS data. J Subst Abuse Treat. 2014;46(4):506–10.
24. Orr S, James S, Reiter J. Unintended Pregnancy and Prenatal Behaviors Among Urban , Black Women in Baltimore, Maryland : The Baltimore Preterm Birth Study. 2008;(12).
Section
Original Articles

DB Error: Unknown column 'Array' in 'where clause'